Contemporary Ethical Dilemma

Question: How are late improvements in IT making difficulties for moral conduct? Would it be able to be utilized to make individuals as well as association conduct increasingly moral? Answer: Difficulties for moral conduct in late improvement of Information Technology (IT) In these cutting edge days, data innovation is the spirit for each individuals just as business. The business association utilizes data innovation to give data to other, exchange of online buy, impart clients, and so on. Aside from that, individuals use data innovation so as to make a vital association with the family members. Be that as it may, Schneider (2012) contended that absence of duty just as rights in creating Information Technology in business makes moral situation. The contemporary moral situation in ongoing improvement of IT influences severely to the business particularly in their capital costs. Following are the moral issues that ascent in ongoing improvement of IT in business Licensed innovation: Fathian and Akhavan (2006) proposed that so as to accomplishment in business, formation of protected innovation is a viable technique. In this way, business achievement intently relies upon the licensed innovation for business advertisers with respect to improvement of IT. Through IT, association can ready to take thoughts from others as far as improving business. Be that as it may, McMillan (2005) refered to that hacking of data of the organizations makes troubles to use. Programming protection: It is the key difficulties as its development is high. Aronson et al. (2008) portrayed that utilization of illicit duplicates of programming increment higher. Because of absence of protection, programming industry in United State faces absolute $18 billion of every 2010. PC Crime: In these current days, IT utilized broadly with rise just as advancement of PC innovation. Along these lines, a few aggressors modified various sorts of infection so as to make criminal operations, for example, burglary of data, monetary extortion, online badgering, damage, infection disease to PC, and so forth. As per the exploration report of Swindall (2010), in 2008 there was 85 rate casualties who confronted PC wrongdoing in various manners. Occupation Displacement: This is the most significant and stressed moral situation of advancement of IT. Advancement development of IT in this current days decline the labor in business. Subsequently, the populace on the planet confronted troubles to land position. Utilization of IT constrained the business association in diminishing their staffs from working environment that is one of the extraordinary instances of moral quandary of ongoing improvement of IT. Nonetheless, Herman (2012) contended that absence of adequate assets particularly HR makes troubles to deal with the general hierarchical procedure appropriately. Utilization of IT for authoritative of people groups Ethical conduct Aronson et al. (2008) assumed that utilization of IT could permit the individuals or association in business increasingly moral as far as improving. Data Technology has a few angles that make the individuals just as association progressively moral, for example, gain time to concentrate on capacity of center business, expanding buying and scale power, improve checking and control, diminish additional expenses, and so forth. For instance, utilization of SAP ERP or Oracle Advance Control can make the association in accomplishing increasingly moral conduct towards business, for example, SAP ERP permits association to interface partners in a single framework. In this way, the executives or the organization division can follow the whole working procedure from one spot. It helps in expanding execution, yet in addition helps in observing the key issues that looked by the association. Reference List Aronson, Z., Reilly, R. what's more, Lynn, G. (2008). The job of pioneer character in new item advancement achievement: an assessment of groups creating radical and steady developments. Worldwide Journal of Technology Management, 44(1/2), p.5. Fathian, M. what's more, Akhavan, P. (2006). Building up a calculated model for the evaluation of insight in structures. Offices, 24(13/14), pp.523-537. Herman, C. (2012). Time for a New Standard In Developing Standards. Biomedical Instrumentation Technology, 46(2), pp.152-152. McMillan, J. (2005). Moral audit and moral conduct. BMJ, 330(7489), pp.473-473. Schneider, M. (2012). Creating Entrepreneurial Leaders. Association Management Journal, 9(4), pp.280-280. Swindall, W. (2000). Clean innovation and correspondence. Clean Products and Processes, 2(2), pp.0075-0075.

US Political Polarization: Republicans and Democrats

US Political Polarization: Republicans and Democrats Partisanship has consistently existed in the United States. However, there have been times of decrease and resurgence. Be that as it may, since the 1970s America has seen an expansion in â€Å"party unity† casts a ballot in Congress. From 2009 to 2012 gathering solidarity votes was around 70%, an away from of polarization in Washington.[1] The ideological contrasts that exist inside Congress is likewise demonstrative of the disposition of the overall population. A lion's share of individuals are eager to call themselves Democrats or Republicans. â€Å"Party recognizable proof, as different perspectives, influences convictions just as opinions.†[2] Party connection is a critical device to foresee propensities of voters, those that partner themselves with the Republican Party will in general vote Republican and those related with the Democratic Party will in general vote Democrat. Presidential execution evaluations are sign of polarization among the gatherings. Republican s will in general give a higher endorsement rating for Republicans and lower rating for Democrats, and the inverse is valid for Democrats.[3] Elections and legislative issues in America have gotten more spellbound than any other time in recent memory. The establishment that made a more spellbound America can be found in the adjustments in the media, battle financing, and the manner in which up-and-comers are chosen. The historical backdrop of news media is one of a development of innovation, rehearses, and administrative conditions that changed the perspectives on America. Quite a while back, the decisions for Americans to get their news were restricted to a couple of TV systems and neighborhood papers. The administration founded guidelines over the communicate news, for example, the equivalent time arrangement which expected stations to give equivalent access to contender to office. The long standing FCC approach called the reasonableness teaching maybe was the most significant in communicated news. The arrangement made a condition in which news outlets were not focusing on particular center convictions. Rather, the approach â€Å"required that stations dedicate a portion of broadcast appointment to open undertakings programming, and that they do as such in a way that is adjusted and equitable.† [4] So basically, individuals got the comparative data simultaneously. In the past the nation al news was conveyed by scarcely any week after week papers however mechanical advances brought an extraordinary potential market of watchers. The presentation of link and web made mass correspondence simpler and less expensive. In 2010, about each family unit in America approached either: radio, TV, and in any event one versatile device.[5] Americans appreciate a more noteworthy assortment of view focuses, and this wealth of new suggests political polarization can happen. Shoppers of new media depend on news source they find as solid and will in general evade data that repudiates their earlier convictions. Fox news a preservationist news outlet has a high credibility rate among Republicans (77% in 2012) and a low trustworthiness rate among Democrats (37% in 2012).[6] Liberal news sources have a comparative appraisals, high authenticity among Democrats and low acceptability among Republicans. It is protected to expect those with preservationist convictions are bound to tune into a m oderate news source and those with liberal perspectives are bound to tune into a liberal news source. These news sources give a typical account on recent developments, a story that is appropriate for their crowd. The crowds thus are being determined what they need to hear. What's more, with the capacities of the web, the news sources can target explicit crowds and tailor data to strengthen what they as of now accept. This plenitude of new outlets and focusing by the media adds to political polarization. Current battles for government office are commonly over the top expensive. Collecting effort groups, raising assets, employing experts and specialized masters are altogether exercises that cost cash. It is highly unlikely for most possibility to compose and run a serious battle without the progression of cash. As of now, cash spent on significant government battles originates from private sources.[7] Money rolling in from private sources raises two or three issues in decisions. Cash is appropriated inconsistent, so it compromises majority rule equity, which means, somebody with more cash could have more effect on the result. This additionally raises the worry that chosen authorities are more ready to serve their supporters than their constituents. This is completely conceivable and could prompt chosen authorities taking progressively extraordinary situations on issues so as to please their patrons. As far as it matters for its the national government has stepped in to direct the prog ression of crusade financing, making the FEC to authorize law and to gather and distribute nitty gritty data on battle commitments. A 2010 Supreme Court choice prohibited all cutoff points on free spending prompted the production of SuperPACs. SuperPacs are basically autonomous advisory groups pushing their own motivation to help an applicant or assault a competitor. Tragically, up-and-comers have no power over the SuperPACs and how they go through their cash. About $1.3 billion was spent freely on government battles by gatherings and PACs in 2012.[8] The cash produced by the SuperPACS is for the most part spent to buy TV adverstising. In 2012, more than 3 million political promotions broadcast from January 1 through Election Day.[9] There was a significant increment in volume and cost of political advertisements from 2008 to 2012 and a generous increment in assault promotions from 51% of advertisements publicized in 2008 were assault promotions to 61% in 2012.[10] simultaneously, n onparty free consumptions in congressional decisions developed from $120 million of every 2008 to $500 million in 2012.[11] Perhaps there is a relationship between's assault advertisements and raising effort reserves. A battles capacity to trash an adversary, which incites dread and outrage among his constituents, is sufficient to spur the candidate’s base to give and end up voting. Polarization in Congress isn't new. The degree of Congressional polarization relies upon numerous components, one being Primary Elections. Races in Primaries contrast than those in a general political decision. In Primary decisions up-and-comers will in general move their positions either to one side or right finish of the range. When they made sure about their party’s selection, they move their situation to an increasingly moderate situation to pull in autonomous voters. Competitors follow this strategy for battling on the grounds that Primary constituents are more outrageous than those in a general election.[12] Elections in the America jam American majority rules system. Permitting residents to pick their agents and supplant those that failed to meet expectations. â€Å"The danger of supplanting gives chose authorities an amazing motivation to tune in to their constituents.†[13] Some voters may rebuff agents that make a disagreeable decision on issues by supplanting him with another delegate. This opposition in primaries help make polarization inside Congress.[14] When confronted with rivalry in the essential political race up-and-comers will in general take extraordinary positions. Republicans competitors that face no opposition/adversary had a normal essential position .77 and those that experienced a rival had a normal essential situation of .85[15], a position further from the inside. This is on the grounds that essential voters care more about a candidate’s positions than the general political decision casting a ballot base. The 2010 Tea Party marvel is a case of extraordinary and connected with essential constituents. The Tea Party development took standard preservationists good and gone, which thusly, hurt the Republican Party in the general political decision in view of their extraordinary positions. The fanaticism and activism that exists in essential decisions adds to the political polarization in America. The ideological partition among Republicans and Democrats, Conservatives and Liberals is genuine. Polarization isn't just present in the parts of government yet in addition among the individuals. The political framework that has been made has contributed incredibly to the development of polarization. The establishments can be followed back to the media’s impact over people in general, financing of battles and the way in which the general population chooses delegates. [1] Barry Burden, â€Å"The Polarizing Effects of Congressional Primaries,† in Galderisi et al. (eds.), CONGRESSIONAL PRIMARIES AND THE POLITICS OF REPRESENTATION (2001). [2] (KJKV).pg.466. [3] (KJKV).Pg. 447 [4] (KJKV).pg. 629 [5] (KJKV).pg. 640 †It is completely conceivable that in spite of having a cell phone, the gadget will be unable to ride the Web, which restrains the potential data partaking in that family. [6] (KJKV).pg. 638 [7] (KJKV).pg. 508 [8] (KJKV).pg. 511 [9] Erika Franklin Fowler and Travis N. Ridout, â€Å"Negative, Angry, and Ubiquitous: Political Advertising inâ 2012† [10] Erika Franklin Fowler and Travis N. Ridout, â€Å"Negative, Angry, and Ubiquitous: Political Advertising in 2012† [11] (KJKV).pg. 510 [12] Gary C. Jacobson, â€Å"The Electoral Origins of Polarized Politics: Evidence From the 2010 Cooperative Congressional Election Study.† American Behavioral Scientist 56(12) 1612â€1630. [13] (KJKV)Pg. 521 [14] Barry Burden, â€Å"The Polarizing Effects of Congressional Primaries,† in Galderisi et al. (eds.), CONGRESSIONAL PRIMARIES AND THE POLITICS OF REPRESENTATION (2001). [15] Barry Burden, â€Å"The Polarizing Effects of Congressional Primaries,† in Galderisi et al. (eds.), CONGRESSIONAL PRIMARIES AND THE POLITICS OF REPRESENTATION (2001).

Economic Report of the President 2013 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Monetary Report of the President 2013 - Essay Example The report properly takes note of that the United States at present appreciates an upper hand in business administrations. Notwithstanding, the administration import is developing quickly while in Advanced Technology it is understood that the nation faces persevering exchange shortage and this unmistakably shows an absence of intensity on this division. In any case, with respect to the work showcase, it is seen that solitary advanced education and specialist preparing are given need while youth programs are not tended to. Regardless, it is critical to have a human capital strategy that goes past the advanced education approach and addresses all worries in this regard. Surely, the report is idealistic about the exchange possibilities of this nation and the potential for development. Advancement is properly caught as a significant fixing in the monetary procedure. There must be a move towards an information based economy. Horticulture is firmly put as a center angle in the information based economy. To be sure, the attention on agribusiness can enormously profit the nation thinking about the gigantic potential in this division. Regardless, this segment can additionally upgrade the advancement of assembling and the administration segments. In this regard, much spotlight is put on natural, compound and different advances in horticultural creation. The report puts a lot of need on the adjustment of the economy and the production of occupations for everybody. The main part underscores the dedication of the organization in making a complete vitality technique so as to improve vitality security, financial development and occupation creation. To be sure, the reliance on outside oil has consistently been a worry for the nation. The report features the developing need to diminish the overdependence on oil and by creating inexhaustible wellsprings of vitality. It is additionally noticed that there has been a lot of decay on remote oil and this demonstrates great

   Now that it’s back-to-school time, many parents and teachers will be introducing Unit 1 to their students: Note Making and Outlines. This unit along with Unit 2 lays the foundation for the entire Structure and Styleâ„ ¢ program. In Unit 1 students select and note down key words from a source document into an outline. Following that, they â€Å"test† their outline by retelling the basic ideas out loud to their parent or teacher. Sometimes, though, a student struggles with this process. Jill Pike shares her experience about how to handle those situations in this post. It is very common for a child to struggle to recall the ideas from the key word outline he previously generated. The best way to overcome it is to be sure to thoroughly discuss the source text as you read it. Andrew does that when he reads â€Å"Sea Snakes† in the Student Writing Intensive Level A course. In the video he often stops to discuss what is going on, talks about what the words mean, and provides other helpful background information. Remember, your kids don’t have the experience that you have. For example, if you are reading a source on Peter the Great, you are able to place him in history. You can picture what an old Russian looked like and how Peter was different. You know where Russia is, what it is like, and have some experience with the cities that are mentioned. Your child has none of that. You might as well be talking about Kidrons from Platitudinous. So what should you do? Re-read the source and discuss it! And then after discussing it, give the key word outline another try at retelling. Remember, you cannot help your kids too much. They often need tons of help and sometimes for a very long time. (I had to explain texts in detail for years with my dyslexic daughter). But I promise that over time they will eventually push you away and say, â€Å"I can do it myself!† If you are encountering similar experiences with your student(s), take a deep breath, back up, and go at it again, this time providing more background information and explanation. Define unusual vocabulary, and take the time to share your knowledge with your student. Over time he will begin to intuit the process, but you will need to give him all the time he needs.    Structure and Style is a registered trademark of the Institute for Excellence in Writing, L.L.C.

The Sarbanes Oxley Act Of 2002 - 1525 Words

Most word references characterize fraud as a bogus representation of true data. Whether that false data is given by expressing false words, deluding claims, or by concealing or disguising uncovered data, it is viewed as fraudulent because of the beguiling nature. In spite of the fact that it is deceptive to give false data, people even in real companies will attempt to cover their misfortunes by reporting false data. Taking after many years of monetary frauds and outrages including executives and officers at a portion of the biggest organizations in the United States, Congress established the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Cheeseman, 2013). Congress ordered the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX Act) to shield customers from the fraudulent exercises of significant partnerships. This paper will give a brief history of the SOX Act, portray how it will shield general society from fraud inside of partnerships, and give a presumption to the viability of the capacity of the demonstration to shie ld purchasers from future frauds. History of the SOX Act Congress established the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, which is otherwise called the Public Company Accounting Reform and Investor Protection Act, in the beginning of corporate and accounting scandals that prompted liquidations, serious stock misfortunes, and a loss of trust in stocks (Batten, 2010). The demonstration forces new obligations on corporate administration and criminal authorizes on those supervisors who spurn the law, and itShow MoreRelatedSarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002985 Words   |  4 Pages Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Week # 2 Individual Assignment â€Æ' Sox Key Main Aspects for a Regulatory Environment Sarbanes-Oxley Act was passed in 2002 by former president George Bush. Essentially to combat the Enron crisis. The Sox Act basically has regulatory control and creates an enviroment that is looking out for the public. Ideally this regulatory environment protects the public from fraud within corporations. Understanding, that while having this regulatoryRead MoreThe Sarbanes Oxley Act Of 20021614 Words   |  7 PagesThe Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) was enacted to bring back public trust in markets. Building trust requires ethics within organizations. Through codes of ethics, organizations are put in line to conduct themselves in a manner that promotes public trust. Through defining a code of ethics, organizations can follow, market becomes fair for investors to have confidence in the integrity of the disclosures and financial reports given to them. The code of ethics include â€Å"the promotion of honest andRead MoreThe Sarbanes Oxley Act Of 2002 Essay1605 Words   |  7 Pages well-known acts have been signed into laws by the presidents at the time to protect investors and consumers alike. A brief overview of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, a discussion of some of the provisions therein, opinions of others regarding the act and also my personal and professional opinion will be discussed below. The same will be examined about the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act. Senators Paul Sarbanes and Michael Oxley were the sponsors of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002Read MoreThe Sarbanes Oxley Act Of 20021563 Words   |  7 PagesThe Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) was enacted to bring back public trust in markets. Building trust requires ethics within organizations. Through codes of ethics, organizations conduct themselves in a manner that promotes public trust. Through defining a code of ethics, organizations can follow, the market becomes fair for investors to have confidence in the integrity of the disclosures and financial reports given to them. The code of ethics includes the promotion of honest and ethical conductRead MoreThe Sarbanes Oxley Act Of 20021015 Words   |  5 PagesThe Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, also known as the SOX Act, is enacted on July 30, 2002 by Congress as a result of some major accounting frauds such as Enron and WorldCom. The main objective of this act is to recover the investors’ trust in the stock market, and to p revent and detect corporate accounting fraud. I will discuss the background of Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and why it became necessary in the first section of this paper. The second section will be the act’s regulations for the management, externalRead MoreThe Sarbanes Oxley Act Of 2002 Essay1070 Words   |  5 Pagesof Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. This Act was placed into law to protect the consumer against fraudulent activity by organizations. This paper will provide a brief history of the law and discuss some of the ethical components and social implications on corporations. This research will provide information on how the Sarbanes-Oxley Act affects smaller organizations and how it encourages employees to inform of wrong doings. Brief Synopsis of Sarbanes-Oxley The U.S. Congress passed the Sarbanes-OxleyRead MoreThe Sarbanes Oxley Act Of 20022137 Words   |  9 Pagesdishonest act that remained common amongst companies such as Enron, WorldCom, and Tyco was the fabrication of financial statements. These companies were reporting false information on their financial statements so that it would appear that the companies were making profits. However, those companies were actually losing money instead. Because of these companies’ actions, the call to have American businesses to be regulated under new rules served as a very important need. In 2002, Paul Sarbanes from theRead MoreSarbanes Oxley Act of 20021322 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Descriptions of the main aspects of the regulatory environment which will protect the public from fraud within corporations are going to be provided in this paper. A special attention to the Sarbanes – Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) requirement; along with an evaluation of whether Sarbanes-Oxley Act will be effective in avoiding future frauds based on their implemented rules and regulations. The main aspects of the regulatory environment are based on the different laws and regulationsRead MoreThe Sarbanes Oxley Act Of 2002 Essay1302 Words   |  6 PagesThe Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 was the result of a number of large financial scandals in the United States in the late 1990s and early 2000s. One of the most well-known corporate accounting scandals was the Enron scandal, which was exposed in 2001. Enron, an energy company that was considered one of the most financially sound corporations in the United States before the scandal, produced false earnings reports to shareholders and kept large debts off the accounting books (Peavler, 2016). Enron executivesRead MoreThe Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 20024779 Words   |  20 PagesThe Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002Introduction2001-2002 was marked by the Arthur Andersen accounting scandal and the collapse of Enron and WorldCom. Corporate reforms were demanded by the government, the investors and the American public to prevent similar fut ure occurrences. Viewed to be largely a result of failed or poor governance, insufficient disclosure practices, and a lack of satisfactory internal controls, in 2002 George W. Bush signed into law the Sarbanes-Oxley Act that became effective on

Monitor Work Operations for Boleros Restaurant †Free Sample

Question: Discuss about theMonitor Work Operations for Boleros Restaurant. Answer: Introduction Managers Plan for Making the Evening Operation Smoother According to the case study of Boleros Restaurant, the afternoon of Fathers day the tables were fully booked and emerged a chaos during the time of serving meals to them for some managerial mistakes. Therefore, as a Manager, the situation should have been managed in a tactful way to avoid this kind of miscommunication among the staffs. The situation has required a proper planning before the occasion. Firstly, the restaurant should have not booked all the tables to the customers (Bruce et al., 2013). It has raised the most chaotic situation of overcrowded condition. If there were two tables reserved for the emergency guests to book, then the tables were available when a crowd was appearing at a time. As they have the facility of sitting in the outside, therefore they have to keep the offer for limited tables to book outside. Along with this, he manager can arrange their workforce in a systematic order to take the orders from the customers and to serve them their order within time. If the manager has arranged more staff for the occasion, then the customers had not wait for a long time to get their ordered meals. The extra workforce, who was appointed to lose the burden of the actual staff in need, then the occasion had been completed with smooth manner and the customers too would be happy to invest their money to get a quality time (Whalan, 2013). Therefore, in order to operate the evening smoothly, the manager had to take some steps to manage the situation properly without any problem. The manager had to make a work schedule for all the workers there for the evening not to confuse in the critical situations. In this case, the staffs were not allocated their duties separately that they have not to think while working whether the other works are proceeding or not. However, in this restaurant the waiters have to think about their chefs if they were capable of cooking the orders on time. If they were supported with some more staff in that evening, then they could have worked in more professional way to please their customers (Neal et al., 2013). Therefore, the staffs can work according to their allocated work and this chaotic condition would not have risen in the restaurant that the customers had to leave their table without having their ordered meal. Problems Faced by the Restaurant as well as the Customers on Sunday Evening In Boleros Restaurant, the Sunday evening was a very big day for their business as it was Fathers Day and almost every table was booked in advance. It was going very smoothly when the guests were started to come first but after some time when the guests were entering the restaurant at a time, then the rush of the customers were confusing the staffs in handling them (Sun, 2016). Therefore, the service was disturbing and the customers were not getting their orders on time. As the huge crowd in outside and numbers of orders were taken by the waiters, the kitchen staffs were becoming furious to make the orders in hurry. It is not possible for the chefs to make their food items in any short cut process to serve the meals faster. Thus, they have to cook the orders with proper time and then have to serve to the customers. The order overflow has made all the functions delayed for a particular time and the customers had to wait for a long time to get their meals. This has made them angry with the service of the restaurant (Hing, 2013). Therefore, it was the issue of the reputation of the restaurant, which was in a very risky condition. The situation can be overcome by providing some amusement activities to involve the customers. It would have helped the manager to keep the customers busy for some time and the staffs would get a few times to manage their works. Therefore, the manager could implement an interesting game and requested the customers to participate in it. The manager had also announced that the winner would be given a nice prize in the end of the game. Therefore, it could be the short-term solution for converting the chaotic condition to an enjoyable one. However, if there is a chance to face this kind of situation again in future, then the Manager should have to take the responsibility and have to allocate proper workforce with proper duty to avoid this mess. Main Issue of the Housekeeping Staffs in Rockstone The Rockstone, a small private hotel situated in Melbourne, serves the discerning visitors to the city with special upmarket service quality. Therefore, the hotel staffs have to be much organised to provide the desired service to the customers. However, the hotel housekeeping unit is suffering from a weak workforce. Therefore, the hotel was facing some problems in this part. The main issue of this unit was the lack of employees. The unit has only a few members who have to complete the all housekeeping related tasks. This has increased the work burden on the staffs and they were not able to do all the tasks on time (Vander et al., 2015). There was two staff, Fred and Wilma, who have to do the cleaning of the guests rooms and sitting areas. However, they do their work regularly but sometimes when a guest check out a room or sitting area and a new guest check in, in between they never clean the areas, which impacted on the customers mind about the service of the hotel. There was another staff named Barney who has the responsibility to clean the kitchen and staffs rooms but he thinks that he has not enough work between the lunch and dinner time. Along with this, Betty is the kind of manager of this housekeeping unit in the hotel who looks after all the required purchase and control of the unit. Assessing the Staff Workload and Workflow In this case, the workload of the employees was heavy than their remuneration. If the owners of the hotel wanted to run the housekeeping staffs in proper order without any problems, then they have to reduce their workload (Kensbock et al., 2014). In order to assessing the staff workload and workflow, the works of the hotel has to be evaluated. In this hotel there are only four staffs who handle the housekeeping unit. However, the hotel has 25 rooms along with a dining room where the customers of the hotel as well as the other customers can avail the foods. Therefore, the hotel has always a crowd of customers who have to be served properly by the housekeeping staff. Therefore, the total work burden is imposed only on these four staff. Fred and Wilma has the responsibility to clean all the guests rooms and the sitting rooms and foyer. Barney has to clean the kitchen and the rooms of the staffs and work from 3 to 11 pm. On the other hand, Betty has to take care of the purchase and contr ol of all cleaning equipments, chemicals, care of floral and plant dcor, guest room linen and table linen and any special requests of the guests. Therefore, the overall unit has to handle huge workload to maintain. Options Frank and Josie have to Improve the Situation In this situation, if the owner of the Rockstone hotel has to improve the quality of their service, then they have to recruit more staff in the housekeeping unit to reduce the workload. Frank and Josie have to observe the employees whether they are completing their own responsibilities or not. They have to become stricter with the employees that they cannot able to show any negligence to the work (Solnet et al., 2015). They have to make them understand about the importance of their good work to create the good reputation before the customers. Frank and Josie can provide training sessions to the staffs to improve their work quality and technically advance in the processes to make the works easy. Therefore, the staffs have to be maintained and directed in a proper way to improve the situation in the hotel will increase the reputation of the hotel indirectly. In this section, the work operations have to monitor of a part of the work place. The restaurants front area has been considered here to monitor the work efficiency. Therefore, the manager has to adjust the works of the employees to organise the front house actions in a proper way. If the workers know their own responsibility, then they can work with full confidence and with their best quality (Supanti et al., 2014). As it is a restaurant, then the front house is consists of waiters mainly. The manager has to set the working hours of the waiters in a manner that the restaurant never lacks of workers to serve their customers. Therefore, the manager has to implement a proper working roster to avoid any kind of chaotic situation, which can ruin the reputation of the restaurant before the customers. The front house of a restaurant consists of the staffs who take the orders from the customers, and then they convey the order to the kitchen staff for preparing the food item. In last, the waiters serve the ordered food to the particular customer. In order to run the operations properly the manager has to maintain a good communication with the staffs and waiters to know their problems and requirements to improve the service (Wang Ritchie, 2013). Therefore, the manager has to consult with the staffs about the future planning of the service operations while try to understand the view points of the staffs. The customers also can be asked questions about their satisfaction with the service as well as with the staffs behaviour. The feedback of the staffs and the customers will help to develop the future plan to operate the service according to the expectations of the customers. Therefore, it can be said that the workforce should be maintained in a planned way to set the works in an organised way. In order to gain this, the manager has to provide a proper working roster for the waiters to manage the restaurants working hours. As the restaurant operates between 11am to 11 pm per day, then the waiters have to work for almost 12 hours. Therefore, the manager should have to introduce two shifts of 7 hours each to manage the works. In the evening from 7pm to 8 pm, when most of the customers gathered here, all the staffs will be present to serve them. Additionally, there will some waiters who will take the orders and a few will serve the meals. There will be two staff to supervise the whole operation. If the manager can manage the front house staffs then the workforce will never face any chaotic situation. Reference List Bruce, B. D., Bradford, R. W. (2013). The effects of shark cage-diving operations on the behaviour and movements of white sharks, Carcharodon carcharias, at the Neptune Islands, South Australia.Marine biology,160(4), 889-907. Hing, N. (2013). Maximizing franchisee satisfaction in the restaurant sector.Journal of Consumer Marketing. Kensbock, S., Jennings, G., Bailey, J., Patiar, A. (2014). Distinction work and its consequences for women working as room attendants within five star hotels on the Gold Coast, Australia.Hospitality Society,4(1), 55-73. Neal, B., Sacks, G., Swinburn, B., Vandevijvere, S., Dunford, E., Snowdon, W., ... Kelly, B. (2013). Monitoring the levels of important nutrients in the food supply.obesity reviews,14(S1), 49-58. Solnet, D., Baum, T., Robinson, R. N., Lockstone-Binney, L. (2015). What about the workers? Roles and skills for employees in hotels of the future.Journal of Vacation Marketing, 1356766715617403. Sun, D. W. (Ed.). (2016).Handbook of frozen food processing and packaging. CRC Press. Supanti, D., Butcher, K., Fredline, L. (2014, December). Understanding Managers' Engagement with Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in the Thai Hotel Sector. InProceedings of the International Association for Business and Society(Vol. 25, pp. 91-96). Van der Wagen, L., Goonetilleke, A. (2015).Hospitality Management, Strategy and Operations. Pearson Higher Education AU. Wang, J., Ritchie, B. W. (2013). Attitudes and perceptions of crisis planning among accommodation managers: Results from an Australian study.Safety science,52, 81-91. Whalan, J. (2013).How Peace Operations Work: Power, Legitimacy, and Effectiveness. OUP Oxford.

United Nations Declaration on Human Rights free essay sample

After reading the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UNHDR), I can see how many countries and private institutions use the UNDHR as its basis. I can also see how the UNDHR has taken many of its articles from other Countries’ declarations or constitutions (specifically the United States). The UNDHR was adopted on 1948 and arose directly from the World War II. It represents the first global expression of â€Å"rights to which all human beings are inherently entitled†. During his State of Union speech in 1941, President Roosevelt addresses the Four Freedoms (which the allies adopted), freedom of speech, and freedom of religion, freedom from fear and freedom from want as their basic war aims. In the community section of Saint Leo’s Core Values, it states; â€Å"Saint Leo University develops hospitable Christian learning communities everywhere we serve. We foster a spirit of belonging, unity, and interdependence based on mutual trust and respect to create socially responsible environments that challenge all of us to listen, to learn, to change, and to serve. We will write a custom essay sample on United Nations Declaration on Human Rights or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the UNDHR, there are thirty (30) articles that lay out the basic rights that every person is entitled to. Although, this is not a legal document and has no standing in court, this is more of a covenant that the member (most) agreed upon. In the United States, some of these articles are the basic freedoms that most Americans seem to take for granted and they are protected in the United States Constitution. Now, the question that I have is this, Saint Leo’s is a Catholic University. Religion is a required course for graduation. I’m sure that Saint Leo’s would not turn a student away based on the religion or lack of religion. As a practicing Catholic, I would not be upset if I was attending a Methodist college or a Baptist college and they did not have a peer group for Catholics, nor would I expect them to. In 2011, Catholic University was hit with a human rights complaint. The plaintiff charged that the school â€Å"illegally discriminated† against Muslim students because it failed to make available rooms for prayer that have no Catholic religious symbols. I, personally, found this offensive. My question was this, why would you go to a Catholic college (much less a Christian one) if you weren’t a Catholic or a Christian? My question is this, were their rights violated under the UNDHR? Articles two (2) and eighteen (18) are the only articles where religion is even mentioned. Article 2 states that everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration without distinction of any kind such as religion. Article 18 states everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief. Now, where these students’ rights violated under these articles? Not at all. Where there rights violated under any law in the United States? Not at all. They were free to worship when and where they wanted. Plus, Catholic University, like Saint Leo’s, is a private institution. These individuals weren’t discriminated against. They weren’t told they couldn’t worship in their way. The school, allegedly, did not provide a place for them to worship without any Christian emblems visible. They made a conscious decision to attend a Christian faith based school and not a state school. In Saint Leo’s core values, we have the right, as students, to learn in an environment that welcomes people of all walks of life, regardless of race or religion. As an â€Å"online† student and having never been a full time student, except for military and law enforcement, I cannot relate to campus life. Thus far, I have found this to be one of the hardest papers that I’ve ever had to write. This particular topic has to do with how one related to the other. However, I fell that when it comes to the core values of Saint Leo’s; one has had to experience campus life. I do feel that the articles in the UNDHR contain the basic rights that freedoms that should be granted to all people. Freedom of thought and expression and the freedom to learn are not only in the UNDHR but also in t Saint Leo’s values. Saint Leo’s ensures that it provides that best environment for its students, while respecting our right s to which all human beings are inherently entitled.

The Trung Sisters of Ancient Vietnam

The Trung Sisters of Ancient Vietnam Beginning in 111 B.C., Han China sought to impose political and cultural control over northern Vietnam, assigning their own governors to oversee existing local leadership, but unease within the region gave birth to brave Vietnamese fighters like Trung Trac and Trung Nhi, The Trung Sisters, who led a heroic yet failed rebellion against their Chinese conquerors.   The pair, born sometime around the dawn of modern history (1 A.D.), were the daughters of a Vietnamese nobleman and military general in the area near Hanoi, and after the death of Tracs husband, she and her sister raised an army to resist and reclaim freedom for Vietnam, thousands of years before it gained its modern independence. Vietnam Under Chinese Control Despite the relatively loose control of Chinese governors in the region, cultural differences made relations between the Vietnamese and their conquerors tense. In particular, Han China followed the strictly hierarchical and patriarchal system espoused by Confucius (Kong Fuzi) whereas the Vietnamese social structure was based on a  more equal status between the sexes. Unlike those in China, women in Vietnam could serve as judges, soldiers, and even rulers and had equal rights to inherit land and other property. To the Confucian Chinese, it must have been shocking that the Vietnamese resistance movement was led by two women - the Trung Sisters, or Hai Ba Trung - but the made a mistake in 39 A.D. when Trung Tracs husband, a noble named Thi Sach, lodged a protest about increasing  tax rates, and in response, the Chinese governor apparently had him executed. The Chinese would have expected a young widow to go into seclusion and mourn her husband, but Trung Trac rallied supporters and launched a rebellion against foreign rule - along with her younger sister Trung Nhi, the widow raised an army of some 80,000 fighters, many of them women, and drove the Chinese from Vietnam. Queen Trung In the year 40, Trung Trac became the queen of northern Vietnam while Trung Nhi served as a top advisor and possibly co-regent. The Trung sisters ruled over an area that included about sixty-five cities and towns and constructed a new capital at Me-linh, a site long associated with the primordial Hong Bang or Loc Dynasty, which legend holds ruled Vietnam from 2879 to 258 B.C. Chinas Emperor Guangwu, who had reunified his country after the Western Han kingdom fell apart, sent his best general to crush the upstart Vietnamese queens rebellion again a few years later and General Ma Yuan was so pivotal to the emperors successes that Mas daughter became the empress of Guangwus son and heir, Emperor Ming. Ma rode south at the head of a battle-hardened army and the Trung sisters rode out to meet him on elephants, in front of their own troops. For more than a year, the Chinese and Vietnamese armies fought for control of northern Vietnam. Defeat and Subjugation Finally, in 43, General Ma Yuan defeated the Trung sisters and their army. Vietnamese records insist that the queens committed suicide by jumping into a river, once their defeat was inevitable while the Chinese claim that Ma Yuan captured and beheaded them instead. Once the Trung sisters rebellion was put down, Ma Yuan and the Han Chinese clamped down hard on Vietnam. Thousands of the Trungs supporters were executed, and many Chinese soldiers remained in the area to ensure Chinas dominance over the lands around Hanoi. Emperor Guangwu even sent settlers from China to dilute the rebellious Vietnamese - a tactic still used today in Tibet and Xinjiang, keeping China in control of Vietnam until 939. Legacy of the Trung Sisters China succeeded in impressing many aspects of Chinese culture upon the Vietnamese, including the civil service exam system and ideas based on Confucian theory. However, the people of Vietnam refused to forget the heroic Trung sisters, despite nine centuries of foreign rule. Even during the decades-long struggles for Vietnamese independence in the 20th century - first against the French colonists, and then in the Vietnam War against the United States - the story of the Trung sisters inspired ordinary Vietnamese. Indeed, the persistence of pre-Confucian Vietnamese attitudes about women may help to account for a large number of female soldiers who participated in the Vietnam War. To this day, the people of Vietnam perform memorial ceremonies for the sisters every year at a Hanoi temple named for them.

Research paper on Inferno Dantes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Research paper on Inferno Dantes - Essay Example The mankind was badly immersed in the sins, vice and ignorance and it looked as if the Satan, himself has been unleashed on the Planet with Pope being the Anti Christ himself as foretold in the Holy Book. In these abominable conditions of Italy emerged Dante, the Italian poet of the middle ages. Dante is renowned for Divine Comedy and he added one of the greatest literary work to the field of literature, composed in the Italian language but later translated to the English Language. Taking a look at the ‘Divine Comedy’ written by Dante, it starts from Inferno which is a morbid and a gruesome excursion through her. The port talks and discusses the different stages of hell and sinners who committed various sins dwell on each of the levels, undergoing the punishment which perfectly matches the sin they had committed. Limbo, emerges as the first circle of hell does not depict torture of any form but rather stagnancy, a forever stop where the souls who never embraced the grace of the Church inhibit. This circle of hell is not exactly the form of torture, the souls will simply sit there, and that too for an eternity. These ‘virtuous pagans’ were not bad; they do not deserve the grace and the Supremacy of the Lord. So Dante, along with his poet guide Virgil, penetrate deeper in to the Hell, to discover more and then they find the shades they meet guilty of more severe sin. Each have greeted the perfect matched fate in Hell, each punished appropriately for the sins they have committed. The ice lake in the ninth circle of Hell, known as the Cocytus is the lake where the treacherous individuals are thrown into for eternity. Since Satan was himself the biggest treacherous, is damned to this very circle where he stays with his closest followers, who were able to successfully mimic his deadly sin when they walked on Earth. Cocytus has even rounds and the first round is known as the Caina, which was given the name after Cain of Bible. Cain was the fi rst ever human being to have committed a murder on Earth and he murdered his very own blood, his brother, Abel. Hence, those who were treacherous with their own family are damned to the first round. In this round, almost everyone who has sinned against their kin is damned to the icy lake of Cocytus, unable to move, unable to struggle. However this is contradictory to the notion of Satan burning and writhing with his followers in hell, searing in flames for an eternity. The reason why this set of damned have been frozen up to their faces in ice is because the burning of eternity can be viewed as lenient and an easy punishment, because fire is associated with light and warmth, the characteristics of God, his love and His Blessings. Hence this set of individuals has been damned to frigid ice because God wants to punish them in a way that can never be associated with him. These are the people who turned cold towards their own men and fellows on Earth have been punished in a way that the y failed to find companionship with other sinners as well. The second round is with people who were treacherous to their country, calling this round Antenora, which was named after Antenor of Troy who betrayed his city to the Greeks. Although the bond a n individual shares with his country is not as strong as the one he shares with his family, but the mere act of treachery can have adverse effects on the country and the countrymen, exposing them to hardships, severe

Philosophy of Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Philosophy of Nursing - Essay Example The life philosophy may vary based on individual differences, cultural differences and the religious differences. Philosophy is a kind of beliefs, values and goals a person sets in his life. Philosophy in short is the personal belief about how to live or how to deal with a situation. On academic terms, philosophy is the origin of every sort of knowledge. In olden times, when science was not developed much, the philosophers were the persons who interpreted the problems and they were able to provide answers to the doubts of the common people. Philosophy was the first sort of knowledge originated in human history. All the other subjects like, science, mathematics, literature etc gradually separated from philosophy when the knowledge became gradually increased. Since the origin of every sort of knowledge is attributed to philosophy, the highest degree awarded in all the subjects is labelled as Doctor of Philosophy or PhD in academics. Two persons working in an organization, in the same department and same position may approach their work differently because of their difference in attitudes and philosophy about work. For example, consider two accountants working in the same company. One may finish his works daily and may not keep anything for the next day. The other may not finish his works in time and he may keep something for the next day. This is because of their difference in attitude or philosophy in approaching the profession. Nursing profession is considered as a noble profession because of their contributions in saving the life of sick people. For me nurses are not getting the respect they deserve from the society considering the nature of their services. I have selected nursing as my profession because of its relevance and value in the society. For me human life is the most important thing in the world and I am happy, if I am

The ways to reduce crime in the worlds most violent cities Essay Example for Free

The ways to reduce crime in the worlds most violent cities Essay Crime has long been considered to be a serious issue of many countries, both developed and developing, in the contemporary society. In particular, the crime rate increases annually in degree in some sectors worldwide. In this speech, I would like to show my concern about the causes of the problem and the solutions to it. There are subjective as well as objective factors that lead to the escalation of this adverse circumstance. The first and also the principal cause of this problem is poverty, or we can say, economic deprivation. People are often driven to great lengths of desperation by poverty and this is a major cause of crime all around the world. The fact that such frustration is created is in itself a very dangerous thing for society on the whole as global inflation has risen significantly over the last few years. It does seem that in our world today, the rich get richer and the poor get poorer. That is to say, these destitute people do not have enough money to buy food and other necessities. Thus, their last resort to maintain their lives is to rob or steal, which leads to crime. More to the point, violence from mainstream media can also contribute substantially to the increase of crime. There are many films and plays containing violent or sensitive contents, which have a profound influence on the viewers. Some people want to emulate the heroes, as they see them, in the movies without knowing that the behaviour in reality can be seen as illegal in the eyes of the law. Teenagers are especially prone to this kind of factor without the supervision of older adults. There are also many social issues bringing about this unfavorable circumstance. Overpopulation, racism, regionalism, family conditions, and often political power are some factors that lay the foundation of serious crimes. Besides, there are other subjective factors. In other words, the reason for his crime-committing is partially not from the pressure of the society or social illnesses as mentioned above, and really difficult to control. Illustriously, mental disorders are a major cause of crime of this type. Other than depression, people with grave mental disorders also end up committing crimes. Such people should be treated before their tendencies and ailments get out of hand. A person with depression or some other serious mental disorder can also easily cause harm to themselves. Moreover, we have drugs, which are a bane [a cause of trouble], no matter how we look at them. A person addicted to drugs is unable to support their addiction and more often than not they end up in a life of crime to fuel their habits. It is not unknown anywhere in the world that a drug addict ends up committing crimes to raise money for their habits. Besides that, there are also a large number of people that are involved in the drug trade. Though these people may not really be drug-users themselves, they often lure others into drugs and crimes. So, what should we, people in the society, do to help tackle such a problem? Government, I’d like to say, need to come up with some policy that helps narrow the gap between the rich and the poor. Television and film rating system need to be strictly implemented. Parents should thoroughly supervise their children, so as not for them to be stuck into drug-relating problems, and make their children lead the most fulfilled life as possible .

sarah bernhardt :: essays research papers fc

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sarah Bernhardt was one of the stage’s most admired actresses. She was born in Paris, France where she became a star and later traveled the world touring. Bernhardt didn’t start out as the best but did rise to the success she is known for today. She was known for her romantic looks and her melodious voice, her natural acting style and sometimes her tempestuous attitude. Bernhardt lived quite a life, from her many famous lovers, her fabulous clothing, and her travels performing on stages all over the world and even becoming a star of silent movies. She was what we know today as a â€Å"drama queen† in many ways. She wasn’t successful right away, but did rise to her stardom. As stated in The Divine Sarah, even Sigmund Freud who saw her in a performance (Sardou’s Theodora) has said â€Å"†¦I believed at once everything she said†¦, it is incredible what postures she can assume and how every limb and joint acts with her.â⠂¬    Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sarah Bernhardt was born Henriette Rosine Bernard in 1844 to women named Julie Bernard, who was of Jewish descent and little is known about her father. What is known about her mother, is that she was a legendary courtesan and was rarely home, and when she was home, there were always rich men around. Sarah was a wild child who, when she wasn’t sick, did what she wanted and threw many temper tantrums. Her mother wanted Sarah to follow in her footsteps and entertain men for money, the idea made Sarah sick (although later she learned that there is a thin line between acting and prostituting), she told her mom she was to become a nun. That all changed when she saw Racine’s Britannicus at the Comedie Francaise. She planned on attending the Conservatoire, and in 1860 she did where she was trained for two years.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1862, at the age of 18 she made her first debut as the lead in Racine’s Iphigenie. Sarah often suffered from stage fright and her dire performance received some bad reviews. According to Gold and Fizdale, Francisque Sarcey, Paris’s most powerful critic, was quoted to say â€Å"[she] is remarkably beautiful. She carries herself well and pronounces her words with perfect clarity. That is all that can be said at the moment.† Her next appearance was in Scribe’s Valerie which was virtually unnoticed, and her third debut in Moliere’s Les Femmes Savantes was not any better.

The Carl Roger Concept

PP 8203 Practicum III Fall 2007 INSTRUCTOR: |Marjorie Witty | PHONE: |(312) 777-7702 | EMAIL: |[email  protected] edu | FAX: | | ALT PHONE: |(773) 327-1046 | REQUIRED TEXTS: |Title |Client-centered therapy:   Its current practice, implications and theory | |Author(s) |Rogers, Carl R. |Copyright |1951/ 2003 | |Publisher |Houghton Mifflin/ Constable & Robinson, Ltd. | |ISBN |1841198404   | |Edition |   | Title |Embracing nondirectivity | |Author(s) |Levitt, B. (Ed. ) | |Copyright |2005 | |Publisher |Ross-on-Wye, UK:   PCCS Books www. pccs-books. co. k | |ISBN | 898059683 | |Edition |2005 | This Course Requires the Purchase of a Course Packet: YES NO RECOMMENDED READINGS |Title |Person-centered therapy: A revolutionary paradigm | |Author(s) |Bozarth, J.D. | |Copyright | | |Publisher |Ross-on-Wye, UK:   PCCS Books www. pccs-books. co. uk | |ISBN |1898059225 | |Edition |1998 | Title |The tribes of the person-centred nation: An introduction to the schools of therapy related to the person-centered approach. | |Author(s) |Sanders, P. (Ed. ), | |Copyright | | |Publisher |Ross-on-Wye, UK:   PCCS Books www. pccs-books. co. k | |ISBN |1898059608 | |Edition | | Argosy University Illinois School of Professional Psychology Doctoral Practicum III PP 8203 Fall 2007 Syllabus Instructor: Marjorie Witty, Ph. D. Phone: (312) 777-7702 E-mail: [email  protected] eduOffice: 1325 Office hours: Tuesday 1:00 – 3:00; Thursday 10:00 – 12:00 Class meetings: Mondays, 3:30 – 4:45 Required readings Levitt, B. E. (2005). Embracing Nondirectivity. Ross on Rye, UK: PCCS Books. ISBN: 1 898059 68 3. Available from: www. pccs-books. co. uk (On reserve) (EN) Rogers, Carl R. (1951) Client-centered therapy: Its current practice, implications and theory. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Newer edition: Constable & Robinson, Ltd. (2003). ISBN 1841198404. (On reserve) Wampold, B. E. (2001) The great psychotherapy debate: Models, methods, and findings.Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Articles as assigned will be forwarded to you through e-mail. This course does not require the purchase of a course packet. (O) in the syllabus denotes available online or through e-mail, EN refers to Levitt text. CRR refers to Kirschenbaum & Henderson's The Carl Rogers Reader available in Library. Recommended Books (see attached bibliography at end of syllabus. Learning Objectives 1. Achievement of competence in empathic following response process, as assessed by performance in taped therapy sessions. 2.Expanding self-awareness of personal reactions and feelings during the therapy sessions measured by class discussion and students’ self-reports in the comments submitted with each of their therapy tapes. 3. Mastery of basic theory of client-centered therapy (or other orientation) through completion of all assigned readings; assessed by students’ transcript commentaries, participation in discussion. 4. Increased ability to evaluate oneâ₠¬â„¢s own work as a novice therapist, assessed by final self-evaluation and submission of CEC in Spring 2008. Required Assignments:Each term you will be required to present your taped session with a client from your site. Bring an audible tape. Inaudible or hard-to-hear tapes are not acceptable. Check your tape before presenting! Provide a transcript of 20 minutes of the session (any 20 minute segment is fine, but cue up your tape to coincide with the transcript before class. Bring a case conceptualization of 2 – 3 pages. Format will be covered in class. Be sure to obtain a good tape recorder from the library or bring your own on the day you are assigned to present. Schedule of presentations will be determined on the first day of class.Grading and evaluation policy Therapy practicum seminars are graded â€Å"credit/no credit. † In order to successfully complete your practicum, you must receive credit from your site supervisor, from your seminar instructor and pass your Clinical Evaluation Competency (CEC) in Spring 08. The main method of evaluation will be the comments you and I make about your tape assignments and my assessment of success in implementing the necessary and sufficient attitudinal conditions set forth by Carl Rogers. If you are having problems with the assignments, please see me to discuss the difficulty. Attendance at all classes is required.Course Outline, Readings, and Assignments September 10 Introduction to Seminar. Assignments for tape presentations. Required readings for September 10th to be read before the first class: Rogers, C. R. (1951) The attitude and orientation of the counselor. Chapter 2 of Client-centered therapy. (On reserve) Rogers, C. R. (1957). The necessary and sufficient conditions of therapeutic personality change. (CRR, pp. 219-235). September 17 Tape Presentation 1: Defining practice; goals of therapy. Evaluating progress. Required readings: Brodley, B. T. Client-centered therapy: An expressive therapy. (O ) Brodley, B.T. Empathic understanding: Observations of a CC practice (O) Brodley, B. T. Instructions for the clinical interview. (O) (http://adpca. org/articles. html) September 24 Discussion: Ethics Confidentiality and its limits; taping/transcribing and disposition of records. Therapeutic boundaries. Required reading: Brodley, B. T. Ethics in psychotherapy. (handout) October 1 Tape Presentation 2: October 8 Discussion: Empathy, unconditional positive regard Required readings: Witty, M. , Raskin, N. J. , Rogers, C. R.. (in press). Client-Centered Therapy. In Corsini & Wedding (Eds. ), Current Psychotherapies.Excerpt of session by Brodley w/ commentary by Witty (O) October 15 Tape Presentation 3: October 22 Discussion: Congruence: A frequently misunderstood condition Required readings: Brodley, B. T. (1998/2001). Congruence and its relation to communication in client-centered therapy. The Person-Centered Journal, 5(2), 83-116. (In the library) October 29 Tape Presentation 4 Novembe r 5 Multiculturalism & Diversity Issues Required readings: Glauser & Bozarth, J. D. (2001). Person-centered counseling: The culture within. Journal of Counseling & Development, 07489633, Spring2001, Vol. 79, Issue 2 Database: Academic Search EliteMier, S. & Witty, M. Considerations of race and culture in the practice of non-directive client-centered therapy. In Carl Rogers Counsels a Black Client. (O) (on reserve) Knopf, N. Working with gay couples. Witty, M. (2005). Nondirectiveness and the problem of influence. (EN) November 12 Tape Presentation 5 November 19 Chronic Mental Illness and the significantly impaired Required readings: Sommerbeck, L. (2005). Nondirective therapy with clients diagnosed with a mental illness. (EN) Wilders, S. (2005) An exploration of nondirective work with drug and alcohol users. (EN) Recommended: Prouty, G. 1994) Theoretical evolutions in person-centered/experiential therapy: Applications to schizophrenic and retarded psychoses. Westport, CN: Praeger. ( On reserve) Prouty, G. , Van Werde, D. & Portner, M. (2002). Pre-therapy: Reaching contact-impaired clients. Ross on Wye, UK: PCCS Books. (On reserve) Shlien, J. M. (1961/2003). A client-centered approach to schizophrenia: First approximation. In A. Burton (Ed. ), The Psychotherapy of the Psychoses (pp. 285- 317). New York: Basic Books. Also in To Lead an Honorable Life: Invitations to think about Client-Centered Therapy and the Person-Centered Approach. Edited by P. Sanders.Ross-on-Wye: PCCS Books. (On reserve) November 26 Tape Presentation 6 December 3 How clients make therapy work. Required readings: Brodley, B. T. (in press). Non-directivity in client-centered therapy. (O) Bohart, A. C. Chapters from How Clients Make Therapy Work. Recommended: Bohart, A. C. & Tallman, K. (1999) How clients make therapy work. Washington, D. C. : APA. December 10 CCT case conceptualization and prep for CEC. Required reading: Rogers, C. R. (1961) Ellen West—and Loneliness. (in CRR, pp. 157-1 68) Shlien, John M. (1987/2003) A Countertheory of Transference. Person-Centered Review, 2 (1), 15-49. Reprinted in Shlien, J.M. (2003). To Lead an Honorable Life: Invitations to think about Client-Centered Therapy and the Person-Centered Approach. Edited by P. Sanders. Ross-on-Wye: PCCS Books. (O)(also on reserve) Program Outcomes: The Doctoral program in Clinical Psychology at Argosy University, Chicago Campus is an APA accredited program (APA, 750 First St. NE, Washington, DC 20002, 202-336-5500). This program is designed to educate and train students so that they may eventually be able to function effectively as clinical psychologists. To ensure that students are prepared adequately, the curriculum provides for the meaningful integration of heory, training and practice. The Clinical Psychology program at Argosy University Chicago Campus emphasizes the development of attitudes, knowledge, and skills essential in the formation of professional psychologists who are committed to the ethical provision of quality services. Specific objectives of the program include the following: †¢ Goal 1: Prepare professional psychologists to accurately, effectively, and ethically select, administer, score, interpret, and communicate findings of appropriate assessment methods informed by accepted psychometric standards and sensitive to the diverse characteristics and needs of clients. OBJECTIVE 1A: ACCURATELY AND ETHICALLY ADMINISTER AND SCORE VARIOUS PSYCHODIAGNOSTIC INSTRUMENTS. o Objective 1b: Accurately interpret and synthesize assessment data in the context of diversity factors, referral questions, and specific objectives of the assessment, and organize and communicate results in writing and orally. o Objective 1c: Examine psychometric properties of psychological assessment instruments, and use that knowledge to evaluate, select, administer, and interpret psychological tests and measures appropriate for the client, the referral question, and the objectives of the ass essment. Goal 2: Prepare professional psychologists to select, implement, and evaluate psychological interventions consistent with current ethical, evidence-based, and professional standards, within a theoretical framework, and with sensitivity to the interpersonal processes of the therapeutic relationship and the diverse characteristics and needs of clients. o Objective 2a: Synthesize the foundations of clinical psychology, including psychopathology, human development, diagnosis, diversity, ethics, and various therapeutic models in clinical applications. Objective 2b: Select, plan, and implement ethical and evidence-based interventions with sensitivity to the diverse characteristics and needs of clients. o Objective 2c: Demonstrate knowledge, skills, and attitudes to effectively implement and participate in psychological consultation and supervision. Objective 2d: Demonstrate personal development and self-reflective capacity, including growth of interpersonal skills, and therapeuti c relationships. †¢ Goal 3: Prepare professional psychologists to analyze the complexity and multidimensionality of human diversity, and emonstrate the knowledge, skills, and attitudes necessary to understand diverse worldviews and the potential meaning of social, cultural, and individual differences for professional psychological services. †¢ Goal 4: Prepare professional psychologists to examine the historical context and the current body of knowledge of biological, cognitive, affective, developmental, and social bases of human functioning. †¢ Goal 5: Prepare professional psychologists to critically evaluate the current and evolving body of scholarly literature in psychology to inform professional practice. Disability StatementIt is the policy of the Argosy University/Chicago to make reasonable accommodations for qualified students with disabilities, in accordance with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). If a student with disabilities needs accommodations to c omplete the instructor’s course requirements, the student must notify the Director of Student Services. Procedure for documenting student disability and the development of reasonable accommodation will be provided to students upon request. Students will be notified by the Director of Student Services when each request for accommodation is approved or denied in writing via a designated form.It is the student’s responsibility to present the form (at his or her discretion) to the instructor in order to receive the requested accommodations in class. In an effort to protect student privacy, Student Services will not discuss the accommodation needs of any student with instructors. Instructor’s Note: If you choose not to disclose that you have a disability which affects your academic or clinical performance, then you are taking full responsibility for any related consequences which may occur.I cannot accommodate what I don’t know about. You need not disclose the diagnosis or the nature of the disability itself, you need only bring me your accommodation letter. Disclosing a disability after an assignment is due is too late to be helpful for that assignment although accommodations can be made from that point forward. Academic dishonesty/plagiarism statement The University seeks to foster a spirit of honesty and integrity. Any work submitted by a student must represent original work produced by that student.Any source used by a student must be documented through normal scholarly references and citations, and the extent to which any sources have been used must be apparent to the reader. The University further considers resubmission of a work produced for one course in a subsequent course or the submission of work done partially or entirely by another to be academic dishonesty. It is the student’s responsibility to seek clarification from the course instructor about how much help may be received in completing an assignment or exam or pro ject and what sources may be used.Students found guilty of academic dishonesty or plagiarism shall be subject to disciplinary action up to and including dismissal from the University. Technology Statement The University encourages the use of technology throughout the curriculum. This course uses methods such as email communication, videotapes and online syllabus and assignments. Save this syllabus Retain a copy of the syllabus as documentation of coursework that might be needed for licensure. This page is to be turned in to your instructor. It will be held by your instructor until after the grade appeal time allotment.PP8203 Practicum Seminar III Fall 2007 I, ____________________________________, have read this syllabus and understand the course requirements. Date: _____________________________________ Note: many of these readings can be found online or will be on reserve in the library. You are only required to obtain the books listed at the top of the syllabus. Recommended Reading s: Asay T. P. , & Lambert M. J. (1999). The empirical case for the common factors in therapy: Quantitative findings. In M. A. Hubble, B. L. Duncan, & S. D. Miller (Eds. ), The heart and soul of change: What works in therapy (pp. 3-55). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Bohart, A. C. (2004). How do clients make empathy work? Person-Centered and Experiential Psychotherapies, 3(2), 102-116. Bozarth, J. D. (1998). Person-centered therapy: A revolutionary paradigm. Ross on Wye, UK: PCCS Books. (On reserve) Brodley, B. T. (1999b). A client-centered demonstration in Hungary. In I. Fairhurst, Women Writing in the Person-Centered Approach, (pp. 85-92). Ross-on-Wye, UK: PCCS Books. Brodley, B. T. (1997). The nondirective attitude in client-centered therapy. Person-Centered Journal, 4(1), 18-30. Brodley, B. T. 1999a). Reasons for responses expressing the therapist’s frame of reference in client-centered therapy. Person-Centered Journal, 6(1), 4–27. Brodley, B. T . (2000). Client-centered: An expressive therapy. In J. Marques-Teixeira & S. Antunes (Eds. ), Client centered and experiential psychotherapy (pp. 133-147). Linda a Velha, Portugal: Vale & Vale. Brodley, B. T. (2001). Congruence and its relation to communication in client-centered therapy. In G. Wyatt (Ed. ) Rogers’ Therapeutic Conditions: Evolution, Theory and Practice, Volume I Congruence. (pp. 55-78) Ross-on-Wye, UK: PCCS Books. Eells, T. D. 2007) Handbook of psychotherapy case formulation. New York: Guilford. Elliott, R. (2002). The effectiveness of humanistic therapies: A meta-analysis. In D. J. Cain & J. Seeman (Eds. ). Humanistic Psychotherapies: Handbook of Research and Practice (pp. 57-81). Washington, D. C. : American Psychological Association. Kirschenbaum, H. , & Henderson, V. L. (Eds. ) (1989). The Carl Rogers Reader. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Kirschenbaum, H. , & Jourdan, A. (2005). The current status of Carl Rogers and the Person-Centered Approach. Psychotherap y: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 42 (1), pp. 37-51. Lambert, M. J. Ed. ). (2004). Bergin and Garfield’s handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change (5th Ed. ). New York: Wiley. Lietaer, G. , Rombauts, J. , & Van Balen, R. (1990). Client centered and experiential psychotherapy in the nineties. Leuven, Belgium: Leuven University Press. Luborsky, L. , Singer, B. & Luborsky, L. (1975). Comparative studies of psychotherapies: Is it true that â€Å"everyone has won and all must have prizes†? Archives of General Psychiatry, 32, 995-1008. Mearns, D. (2003). Problem-centered is not person-centered. Person-Centered and Experiential Psychotherapies, 3(2), 88-101. Mier, S. & Witty, M. (2004).Considerations of race and culture in the practice of non-directive client-centered therapy. In R. Moodley, C. Lago, & A. Talahite (Eds. ), Carl Rogers counsels a Black client (pp. 85-104). Ross-on-Wye, UK: PCCS Books. Miller, R. B. (2004). Facing human suffering: Psychology and psyc hotherapy as moral engagement. Washington, D. C. : APA. Moon, K. (2002). Nondirective client-centered work with children. In J. C. Watson, R. N. Goldman & M. S. Warner (Eds. ), Client-centered and experiential psychotherapy in the 21st century: Advances in theory, research and practice (pp. 485-492), Ross-on-Wye, UK: PCCS Books.Moon, K. (in press). A client-centered review of Rogers with Gloria. Journal of Counseling & Development. Muran, C. (2007). Dialogues on difference: Studies of diversity in the therapeutic relationship. Washington, D. C. : APA. Patterson, J. , Albala, A. A. , McCahill, M. E. , & Edwards, T. M. (2006). The therapist’s guide to psychopharmacology: Working with patients, families, and physicians to optimize care. New York: Guilford. Rogers, C. R. (1951). Client-centered therapy. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Rogers, C. R. (1957). The necessary and sufficient conditions of therapeutic personality change.Journal of Consulting Psychology, 21, 95–103. Roge rs, C. R. (1959a). The essence of psychotherapy: A client-centered view. Annals of Psychotherapy, 1, 51–57. Rogers, C. R. (1959b). A theory of therapy, personality and interpersonal relationships as developed in the client-centered framework. In S. Koch (Ed. ), Psychology: A study of science, Vol. 3. Formulations of the person and the social context (pp. 184 –256). New York: McGraw-Hill. Ryan, R. M. & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being.American Psychologist, 55 (1), 68 – 78. Sanders, P. (Ed. ), The tribes of the person-centred nation: An introduction to the schools of therapy related to the person-centered approach. ISBN: 1898059608 Available from: www. pccs-books. co. uk (On reserve) Sanders, P. (Ed. ) (2003). To lead an honorable life: A collection of the work of John M. Shlien. Ross-on-Wye, UK: PCCS Books. Schmid, P. F. (2003). The characteristics of a person-centered approach to therapy and counseling: Criteria for identity and coherence. Person-Centered and Experiential Psychotherapies, 2(2), 104-120. Sommerbeck, L. (2003).The client-centered therapist in psychiatric contexts: A therapist’s guide to the psychiatric landscape and its inhabitants. Ross-on-Wye, UK: PCCS Books. Wampold, B. E. (2006). Not a scintilla of evidence to support empirically supported treatments as more effective than other treatments. In J. C. Norcross, L. E. Beutler & R. F. Levant (Eds. ) Evidence-Based Practices in Mental Health: Debate and Dialogue on the Fundamental Questions (pp. 299-307). Washington, D. C. : American Psychological Association. Watson, N. (1984). The empirical status of Rogers’s hypotheses of the necessary and sufficient conditions for effective psychotherapy.In R. F. Levant, & J. M. Shlien (Eds), Client-centered therapy and the person-centered approach: New directions in theory, research, and practice (pp. 17-40). New York: Praeger. We sten, D. , Novotny, C. M. & Thompson-Brenner, H. (2004). The empirical status of empirically supported psychotherapies: Assumptions, findings, and reporting in controlled clinical trials. Psychological Bulletin, 130(4), 631-663. Wilkens, P. & Bozarth, J. (2001), Unconditional positive regard: Rogers’ therapeutic conditions: Evolution, theory and practice. Ross-on-Wye, England: PCCS books. On reserve) Witty, M. C. (2004). The difference directiveness makes: The ethics and consequences of guidance in psychotherapy. The Person-Centered Journal, 11, 22-32. Zimring, F. M. (2000). Empathic understanding grows the person†¦.. Person-Centered Journal, 7(2), 101-113. Zimring, F. M. (1995). A new explanation for the beneficial results of client centered therapy: The possibility of a new paradigm. Person-Centered Journal, 2(2), 36-48. Zur, O. (2007). Boundaries in psychotherapy: Ethical and clinical explorations. Washington, D. C. : APA.

Feminist Theory in Music Free Essay Example, 2500 words

In 1970, numerous female historians acquired professional training in musicology in the United States of America and along with reviving feminism, produced a new discipline called â€Å"women’s studies† (Pendle, 2000). By 1980, ‘women in music’ courses started being taught at American universities and the demand for sound recordings and scores increased. Leonarda (founded by Marnie Hall, 1977) was one of the recording companies which started specializing in historical and contemporary work by women in the 1970s. Furore Verlag (founded in 1986) was the first publishing house to seriously print books about and music by women composers. The comprehensive â€Å"New Grove Dictionary of Women Composers (1994)† contains over 900 entries (Hopper, 2006). Although women’s choruses played an important role in festivals and rituals of ancient Greece and Rome, music-making by women aroused a lot of commentary by Greek philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle and they differentiated respectable women from female musicians and entertainers. This is notion is supported by Karin Pendle (2000). Authors such as Plato, Aristotle, Clement, Basil, and Boethius associated manly music with reason, restraint and order, whereas music associated with women or effeminacy was though to give rise to sensuality, excitement, passion, or madness. We will write a custom essay sample on Feminist Theory in Music or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Socrates warned that music in the Mixolydian and â€Å"intense Lydian† modes, which were associated with women and goddess worship, would give rise to drunkenness, softness, and sloth. He preferred a harmony that â€Å"would fittingly imitate the utterances and the accents of a brave man who is engaged in warfare or in any enforced business. (qtd in: Hopper 2006)† Aristotle claimed that professional musicians were vulgar, that performing music was unmanly, except when the performer was drunk or just having fun. He stated that the Phrygian mode, associated with the great goddess Cybele, should not be allowed, â€Å"for the Phrygian harmony has the same effect among harmonies as the aulos among instruments – both are violently exciting and emotional. (qtd in: Rodintzky, 1999)† Some songs, which date back to before the feminist movement, carry out the same function as the feminist movement does nowadays, for example, warn young women against the dangers of deceptive men, getting involved with wrong partners before birth control was available, or getting married. Such songs include â€Å"Omie Wise†, â€Å"Careless Love†, and â€Å"Beautiful, Beautiful Brown eyes†. â€Å"Omie Wise† is a song about an American murder victim.